Although batteries represent a key tool for sustainable development, their working processes, in terms of reaction mechanisms, side reactions, ion transport, formation of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI), are not yet fully understood. In this respect, operando experiments are of enormous importance for having hints on the relevant chemical species that form while a battery is working. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been since a long time a working horse in the investigation of local structures of materials, and, applied operando, can provide invaluable information on the working mechanisms of batteries. In this review, after introductory paragraphs concerning the battery chemistry and the principles of XAS, some of the most important developments in operando XAS applied to the battery science are considered. Emphasis is given to Li-metal, Na-ion, Li/Sulphur and all solid state batteries. Related and advanced techniques such as resonant inelastic scattering (RIXS) and high-resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HRFD-XAS) are discussed as well. Suggestion are offered for planning a XAS experiment at synchrotron radiation source, and finally, some considerations concerning the future developments are presented.

Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy on battery materials: a review of recent developments

Ghigna, Paolo
;
Quartarone, Eliana
2021-01-01

Abstract

Although batteries represent a key tool for sustainable development, their working processes, in terms of reaction mechanisms, side reactions, ion transport, formation of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI), are not yet fully understood. In this respect, operando experiments are of enormous importance for having hints on the relevant chemical species that form while a battery is working. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been since a long time a working horse in the investigation of local structures of materials, and, applied operando, can provide invaluable information on the working mechanisms of batteries. In this review, after introductory paragraphs concerning the battery chemistry and the principles of XAS, some of the most important developments in operando XAS applied to the battery science are considered. Emphasis is given to Li-metal, Na-ion, Li/Sulphur and all solid state batteries. Related and advanced techniques such as resonant inelastic scattering (RIXS) and high-resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HRFD-XAS) are discussed as well. Suggestion are offered for planning a XAS experiment at synchrotron radiation source, and finally, some considerations concerning the future developments are presented.
File in questo prodotto:
Non ci sono file associati a questo prodotto.

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11571/1431074
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 21
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 19
social impact