Nature can rapidly build molecular complexity from linear polyenes with enzymatic cascade cyclizations and derivatization of intermediates. These products are having wide range of biological activities, therefore, highly stereoselective methods for their synthesis are desired, considering also their further structural diversification. The first part of this thesis is focused on iridium nitrenoid initiated cyclization cascades of olefinic dioxazolones containing aryl, heteroaryl or alkyne termini. Dioxazolone motif serves as a precursor of acyl nitrenoid intermediates that are formed in situ in presence of iridium catalysts. Reactions are achieved at moderately elevated or room temperature with fluorinated alcohols as solvents. Ring-fused δ-lactam products are formed in highly stereoselective fashion and their further diversification is easily achieved with several chemical transformations. The second part of the thesis focuses on electrochemical generation of stabilized carbocations that serve as cyclization initiators of polyene substrates with aryl or allylsilane termini. Different cation pool techniques show low to satisfactory cyclization product yields. With extensively optimized cation flow conditions, in the means of flash carbocation generation and further short cyclization reaction times, several substrates successfully give carbopolycyclic products in moderate to good yields.
La natura è in grado di creare policicli a partire da polieni lineari mediante ciclizzazioni catalizzate da enzimi. Questi prodotti hanno una vasta gamma di attività biologiche, pertanto è necessario trovare metodi stereoselettivi per la loro sintesi. La prima parte di questa tesi si concentra su ciclizzazioni biomimetiche catalizzate da iridio-nitrenoidi. Come precursori di questi ultimi vengono utilizzati diossazoloni, i quali reagendo con complessi a base di iridio formano quelli che saranno gli iniziatori della reazione a cascata. Grazie a questa ciclizzazione si possono ottenere δ-lattami in modo altamente stereoselettivo. La seconda parte della tesi si concentra sulla generazione elettrochimica di carbocationi stabilizzati che fungono da innesco per la ciclizzazione di substrati polienici con terminazioni ariliche o allylsilaniche. Diverse tecniche di accumulo di cationi mostrano rese di ciclizzazione variabili. Ottimizzando le condizioni di flusso, mediante la generazione istantanea di carbocationi e brevi tempi di reazione di ciclizzazione, sono stati ottenuti con successo prodotti carbo-policiclici con rese moderate o buone.
Atom-economic approaches to carbo- and heteropolycyclic products
OSTREK, ANDRAZ
2024-02-13
Abstract
Nature can rapidly build molecular complexity from linear polyenes with enzymatic cascade cyclizations and derivatization of intermediates. These products are having wide range of biological activities, therefore, highly stereoselective methods for their synthesis are desired, considering also their further structural diversification. The first part of this thesis is focused on iridium nitrenoid initiated cyclization cascades of olefinic dioxazolones containing aryl, heteroaryl or alkyne termini. Dioxazolone motif serves as a precursor of acyl nitrenoid intermediates that are formed in situ in presence of iridium catalysts. Reactions are achieved at moderately elevated or room temperature with fluorinated alcohols as solvents. Ring-fused δ-lactam products are formed in highly stereoselective fashion and their further diversification is easily achieved with several chemical transformations. The second part of the thesis focuses on electrochemical generation of stabilized carbocations that serve as cyclization initiators of polyene substrates with aryl or allylsilane termini. Different cation pool techniques show low to satisfactory cyclization product yields. With extensively optimized cation flow conditions, in the means of flash carbocation generation and further short cyclization reaction times, several substrates successfully give carbopolycyclic products in moderate to good yields.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
PhD thesis - Andraz Ostrek.pdf
accesso aperto
Descrizione: PhD thesis - Andraz Ostrek
Tipologia:
Tesi di dottorato
Dimensione
8.78 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
8.78 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.