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Training curriculum in minimally invasive emergency digestive surgery: 2022 WSES position paper

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), including laparoscopic and robotic approaches, is widely adopted in elective digestive surgery, but selectively used for surgical emergencies. The present position paper summarizes the available evidence concerning the learning curve to achieve proficiency in emergency MIS and provides five expert opinion statements, which may form the basis for developing standardized curricula and training programs in emergency MIS. Methods: This position paper ...

Homocysteine, cognitive functions, and degenerative dementias: State of the art.

There is strong evidence that homocysteine is a risk factor not only for cerebrovascular diseases but also for degenerative dementias. A recent consensus statement renewed the importance and the role of high levels of homocysteine in cognitive decline in several forms of degenerative dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Although the molecular mechanisms by which homocysteine causes cell dysfunction are known, both the impact of homocysteine on specific cognitive functions and the relationsh...

“Is it funny?” or “Is it strange?” Investigating humor through cognitive psychology.

Humor is a multifaceted function unique to human beings, like language and symbolic thought. Theories of humor propose different frameworks to investigate this function empirically; here, we applied a cognitive-psychology approach, focusing on a specific humor task. We asked 32 participants to listen to 30 jokes intermixed with 30 non-jokes that had an implausible ending, and to decide whether or not each stimulus was funny (Humor Decision Task, HDT). In a control task, 30 plausible stories w...

Out-of-vocabulary but not meaningless: Evidence for semantic-priming effects in pseudoword processing

Nonarbitrary phenomena in language, such as systematic association in the form-meaning interface, have been widely reported in the literature. Exploiting such systematic associations previous studies have demonstrated that pseudowords can be indicative of meaning. However, whether semantic activation from words and pseudowords is supported by the very same processes, activating a common semantic memory system, is currently not known. Here, we take advantage of recent progresses from computati...

Language statistics as a window into mental representations

Large-scale linguistic data is nowadays available in abundance. Using this source of data, previous research has identified redundancies between the statistical structure of natural language and properties of the (physical) world we live in. For example, it has been shown that we can gauge city sizes by analyzing their respective word frequencies in corpora. However, since natural language is always produced by human speakers, we point out that such redundancies can only come about indirectly...

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