Reproducibility of radiomic features in CT images of NSCLC patients: an integrative analysis on the impact of acquisition and reconstruction parameters

Background: We investigated to what extent tube voltage, scanner model, and reconstruction algorithm affect radiomic feature reproducibility in a single-institution retrospective database of computed tomography images of non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Methods: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (UID 2412). Images of 103 patients were considered, being acquired on either among two scanners, at 100 or 120 kVp. For each patient, images were reconstructed with six iterative blending levels, and 1414 features were extracted from each reconstruction. At univariate analysis, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was applied to evaluate feature differences within scanners and voltages, whereas the impact of the reconstruction was established with the overall concordance correlation coefficient (OCCC). A multivariable mixed model was also applied to investigate the independent contribution of each acquisition/reconstruction parameter. Univariate and multivariable analyses were combined to analyse feature behaviour. Results: Scanner model and voltage did not affect features significantly. The reconstruction blending level showed a significant impact at both univariate analysis (154/1414 features yielding an OCCC < 0.85) and multivariable analysis, with most features (1042/1414) revealing a systematic trend with the blending level (multiple comparisons adjusted p < 0.05). Reproducibility increased in association to image processing with smooth filters, nonetheless specific investigation in relation to clinical endpoints should be performed to ensure that textural information is not removed. Conclusions: Combining univariate and multivariable models is allowed to identify features for which corrections may be applied to reduce the trend with the algorithm and increase reproducibility. Subsequent clustering may be applied to eliminate residual redundancy.