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Background: Most studies of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 focus on circulating antibody, giving limited insights into mucosal defences that prevent viral replication and onward transmission. We studied nasal and plasma antibody responses one year after hospitalisation for COVID-19, including a period when SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was introduced. Methods: In this follow up study, plasma and nasosorption samples were prospectively collected from 446 adults hospitalised for COVID-19 between February 2020 and March 2021 via the ISARIC4C and PHOSP-COVID consortia. IgA and IgG responses to NP and S of ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Delta and Omicron (BA.1) variants were measured by electrochemiluminescence and compared with plasma neutralisation data. Findings: Strong and consistent nasal anti-NP and anti-S IgA responses were demonstrated, which remained elevated for nine months (p < 0.0001). Nasal and plasma anti-S IgG remained elevated for at least 12 months (p < 0.0001) with plasma neutralising titres that were raised against all variants compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Of 323 with complete data, 307 were vaccinated between 6 and 12 months; coinciding with rises in nasal and plasma IgA and IgG anti-S titres for all SARS-CoV-2 variants, although the change in nasal IgA was minimal (1.46-fold change after 10 months, p = 0.011) and the median remained below the positive threshold determined by pre-pandemic controls. Samples 12 months after admission showed no association between nasal IgA and plasma IgG anti-S responses (R = 0.05, p = 0.18), indicating that nasal IgA responses are distinct from those in plasma and minimally boosted by vaccination. Interpretation: The decline in nasal IgA responses 9 months after infection and minimal impact of subsequent vaccination may explain the lack of long-lasting nasal defence against reinfection and the limited effects of vaccination on transmission. These findings highlight the need to develop vaccines that enhance nasal immunity. Funding: This study has been supported by ISARIC4C and PHOSP-COVID consortia. ISARIC4C is supported by grants from the National Institute for Health and Care Research and the Medical Research Council. Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre provided infrastructure support for this research. The PHOSP-COVD study is jointly funded by UK Research and Innovation and National Institute of Health and Care Research. The funders were not involved in the study design, interpretation of data or the writing of this manuscript.
SARS-CoV-2-specific nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination
Liew F.;Talwar S.;Cross A.;Willett B. J.;Scott S.;Logan N.;Siggins M. K.;Swieboda D.;Sidhu J. K.;Efstathiou C.;Moore S. C.;Davis C.;Mohamed N.;Nunag J.;King C.;Thompson A. A. R.;Rowland-Jones S. L.;Docherty A. B.;Chalmers J. D.;Ho L. -P.;Horsley A.;Raman B.;Poinasamy K.;Marks M.;Kon O. M.;Howard L.;Wootton D. G.;Dunachie S.;Quint J. K.;Evans R. A.;Wain L. V.;Fontanella S.;de Silva T. I.;Ho A.;Harrison E.;Baillie J. K.;Semple M. G.;Brightling C.;Thwaites R. S.;Turtle L.;Openshaw P. J. M.;Alex B.;Andrikopoulos P.;Bach B.;Barclay W. S.;Bogaert D.;Chand M.;Chechi K.;Cooke G. S.;da Silva Filipe A.;de Silva T.;dos Santos Correia G.;Dumas M. -E.;Dunning J.;Fletcher T.;Green C. A.;Greenhalf W.;Griffin J.;Gupta R. K.;Harrison E. M.;Ho A. Y. W.;Holden K.;Horby P. W.;Ijaz S.;Khoo S.;Klenerman P.;Law A.;Lewis M.;Liggi S.;Lim W. S.;Maslen L.;Mentzer A. J.;Merson L.;Meynert A. M.;Noursadeghi M.;Olanipekun M.;Osagie A.;Palmarini M.;Palmieri C.;Paxton W. A.;Pollakis G.;Price N.;Rambaut A.;Robertson D. L.;Russell C. D.;Sancho-Shimizu V.;Sands C.;Scott J. T.;Sigfrid L.;Solomon T.;Sriskandan S.;Stuart D.;Summers C.;Swann O. V.;Takats Z.;Takis P.;Tedder R. S.;Thomson E. C.;Turtle L. C. W.;Zambon M.;Drake T. M.;Fairfield C. J.;Knight S. R.;Mclean K. A.;Murphy D.;Norman L.;Pius R.;Shaw C. A.;Connor M.;Dalton J.;Gamble C.;Girvan M.;Halpin S.;Harrison J.;Jackson C.;Lee J.;Marsh L.;Plotkin D.;Roberts S.;Saviciute E.;Clohisey S.;Hendry R.;Knight S.;Lahnsteiner E.;Leeming G.;Norris L.;Scott-Brown J.;Tait S.;Wham M.;Clark R.;Coutts A.;Donelly L.;Fawkes A.;Gilchrist T.;Hafezi K.;MacGillivray L.;Maclean A.;McCafferty S.;Morrice K.;Murphy L.;Wrobel N.;Carson G.;Adeniji K.;Agranoff D.;Agwuh K.;Ail D.;Aldera E. 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2023-01-01
Abstract
Background: Most studies of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 focus on circulating antibody, giving limited insights into mucosal defences that prevent viral replication and onward transmission. We studied nasal and plasma antibody responses one year after hospitalisation for COVID-19, including a period when SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was introduced. Methods: In this follow up study, plasma and nasosorption samples were prospectively collected from 446 adults hospitalised for COVID-19 between February 2020 and March 2021 via the ISARIC4C and PHOSP-COVID consortia. IgA and IgG responses to NP and S of ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Delta and Omicron (BA.1) variants were measured by electrochemiluminescence and compared with plasma neutralisation data. Findings: Strong and consistent nasal anti-NP and anti-S IgA responses were demonstrated, which remained elevated for nine months (p < 0.0001). Nasal and plasma anti-S IgG remained elevated for at least 12 months (p < 0.0001) with plasma neutralising titres that were raised against all variants compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Of 323 with complete data, 307 were vaccinated between 6 and 12 months; coinciding with rises in nasal and plasma IgA and IgG anti-S titres for all SARS-CoV-2 variants, although the change in nasal IgA was minimal (1.46-fold change after 10 months, p = 0.011) and the median remained below the positive threshold determined by pre-pandemic controls. Samples 12 months after admission showed no association between nasal IgA and plasma IgG anti-S responses (R = 0.05, p = 0.18), indicating that nasal IgA responses are distinct from those in plasma and minimally boosted by vaccination. Interpretation: The decline in nasal IgA responses 9 months after infection and minimal impact of subsequent vaccination may explain the lack of long-lasting nasal defence against reinfection and the limited effects of vaccination on transmission. These findings highlight the need to develop vaccines that enhance nasal immunity. Funding: This study has been supported by ISARIC4C and PHOSP-COVID consortia. ISARIC4C is supported by grants from the National Institute for Health and Care Research and the Medical Research Council. Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre provided infrastructure support for this research. The PHOSP-COVD study is jointly funded by UK Research and Innovation and National Institute of Health and Care Research. The funders were not involved in the study design, interpretation of data or the writing of this manuscript.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11571/1470281
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simulazione ASN
Il report seguente simula gli indicatori relativi alla propria produzione scientifica in relazione alle soglie ASN 2023-2025 del proprio SC/SSD. Si ricorda che il superamento dei valori soglia (almeno 2 su 3) è requisito necessario ma non sufficiente al conseguimento dell'abilitazione. La simulazione si basa sui dati IRIS e sugli indicatori bibliometrici alla data indicata e non tiene conto di eventuali periodi di congedo obbligatorio, che in sede di domanda ASN danno diritto a incrementi percentuali dei valori. La simulazione può differire dall'esito di un’eventuale domanda ASN sia per errori di catalogazione e/o dati mancanti in IRIS, sia per la variabilità dei dati bibliometrici nel tempo. Si consideri che Anvur calcola i valori degli indicatori all'ultima data utile per la presentazione delle domande.
La presente simulazione è stata realizzata sulla base delle specifiche raccolte sul tavolo ER del Focus Group IRIS coordinato dall’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e delle regole riportate nel DM 589/2018 e allegata Tabella A. Cineca, l’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e il Focus Group IRIS non si assumono alcuna responsabilità in merito all’uso che il diretto interessato o terzi faranno della simulazione. Si specifica inoltre che la simulazione contiene calcoli effettuati con dati e algoritmi di pubblico dominio e deve quindi essere considerata come un mero ausilio al calcolo svolgibile manualmente o con strumenti equivalenti.
