An Example of the Conservation ofWood Decay Fungi: The New Research Culture Collection of Corticioid and Polyporoid Strains of the University of Salamanca (Spain)

Over the last decade, fungal conservation has become an increasingly important topic, especially for species tied to forest ecosystems. Among these, wood decay fungi are a group of interesting species from ecological and applicative points of view. Culture collections represent an important tool for the conservation of species and research material. The aim of this study was to establish the first research culture collection of wood decay fungal strains, mainly corticioid and polyporoid species, at Salamanca University (Spain). From two areas of the Iberian Peninsula, a total of 120 basidiomata were collected and morphologically identified. From these, 55 strains were successfully isolated in pure culture and their identity was confirmed by DNA molecular analysis. The average growth rate of each strain was recorded and mycelium characteristics, such as colony morphology and microscopic features, were described. Notable strains in the collection included: (1) Botryobasidium asperulum and Phlebia rufa for taxonomical studies; (2) Hericium erinaceus, Grifola frondosa and Pleurotus species for medicinal properties; (3) Irpex lacteus, Phanerochaete sordida and Trametes versicolor for their degradation capabilities; (4) Stereum gausapatum and Stereum hirsutum for their applicative and enzymatic potential. The new fungal strain culture collection represents a valuable tool for the ex situ conservation of Mediterranean wood decay fungi.