Quality of life analysis in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: implications for a multimodal integrated treatment

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a higher prevalence of anxiety-depressive disorders in women with BPS/IC (bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis) than in women with chronic non-neoplastic pain with or without fibromyalgia, to examine possible correlations between urological and psychiatric symptoms. Methods: The patients included in the study were divided into two groups: 1) group 0: patients with an existing diagnosis of BPS/IC. BPS/IC was confirmed by reviewing medical record; group 1+2: patients with chronic non-neoplastic pain, suffering from fibromyalgia or other types of chronic pain (chronic arthralgia or lower back pain). Three questionnaires were administered: PHQ-9 to investigate psychological symptoms, O'Leary Saint (ICSI-ICPI) to investigate urological symptoms in women with BPS/IC and BPI to investigate specifically pain. Results: The survey included 69 patients, 42 patients had a diagnosis of BPS/IC while 27 of them had chronic non-neoplastic pain. The average PHQ-9 Score was 10.3 in BPS/IC group, considered as major depression (score between 10 and 14); the average score of PHQ-9 was 6.9 in group 1+2, as in sub-threshold depression (between 5-9). Conclusions: The chronic pain of BPS/IC can affect mood more than in other painful conditions, as more than half of this population has a score that identifies depression with the PHQ-9 questionnaire, confirming the hypothesis that the syndrome is associated with a higher prevalence of an anxious-depressive condition.