Sustaining superior visibility within digital platforms through inside and outside competitive action repertoires

Although often credited with leveling the competitive playing field, platforms pose novel challenges for millions of complementors within their ecosystems. This study explores the tactics complementors use to maintain superior visibility on these platforms. Building on competitive repertoire theory, we conceptualize two categories of competitive actions that capture the dual environmental complexity faced by complementors: inside and outside competitive moves. We assemble a unique dataset from a leading food delivery platform in Europe, providing a comprehensive view of complementors’ competitive repertoires and visibility over ten months. We find that complementors’ inside competitive repertoires with high volume and complexity are associated with sustained superior visibility. However, we also find that complementors whose competitive repertoires diverge from those of their competitors are more likely to exit the superior visibility strata. Additionally, we identify outside action repertoires as a second pathway to differentiation, built on complementors’ idiosyncratic resources and less dependent on platform architecture and rules.