Proteostasis ensures cellular viability by maintaining correct protein folding, while misfolded species drive aggregation and disease. Chaperones, particularly Hsp70, Hsp90, and Grp94, orchestrate folding through ATP-driven cycles with cochaperones as regulatory modulators. Dysregulation of these systems underlies tumorigenesis, positioning them as key drug targets. This thesis applies multi-scale molecular simulations to dissect their conformational dynamics. For Hsp90, we model the maturation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor, revealing ligand-dependent remodeling of allosteric networks and opening possibilities for allosteric inhibition. For Hsp70, we integrate metadynamics with FRET-guided reweighting to resolve conformational transitions and identify transient binding pockets. For Grp94, we couple MD with ligand-binding and QSAR to characterize isoform-specific inhibitors. Collectively, these results provide a dynamic molecular framework of HSPs function and a foundation for rational anticancer drug discovery.
La proteostasi garantisce la sopravvivenza cellulare mantenendo il corretto ripiegamento delle proteine, mentre le specie mal ripiegate favoriscono aggregazione e diverse patologie. Le chaperone, in particolare Hsp70, Hsp90 e Grp94, orchestrano il ripiegamento attraverso cicli ATP-dipendenti, con le cochaperone come modulatori. La deregolazione di questi sistemi contribuisce alla tumorigenesi, rendendoli bersagli terapeutici importanti. In questa tesi applichiamo simulazioni molecolari per dissezionarne la dinamica conformazionale. Per Hsp90, studiamo la maturazione del recettore dei glucocorticoidi (GR), rivelando un rimodellamento delle reti allosteriche ligando-dipendenti e suggerendo nuove opportunità per lo sviluppo di inibitori allosterici. Per Hsp70, integriamo metadinamica con un reweighting basato su dati FRET per risolvere le transizioni conformazionali coivolte nel suo ciclo funzionale e per identificare possibili tasche transienti. Per Grp94, combiniamo dinamica molecolare (MD), studi di binding ligando-proteina e QSAR per caratterizzare inibitori isoforma-specifici. Nel complesso, questi risultati delineano un quadro dinamico della funzione delle Hsp e pongono le basi per la scoperta di farmaci antitumorali.
Studying and Targeting Networks in Chemical Biology with in silico Simulations
MAGNI, ANDREA
2026-04-21
Abstract
Proteostasis ensures cellular viability by maintaining correct protein folding, while misfolded species drive aggregation and disease. Chaperones, particularly Hsp70, Hsp90, and Grp94, orchestrate folding through ATP-driven cycles with cochaperones as regulatory modulators. Dysregulation of these systems underlies tumorigenesis, positioning them as key drug targets. This thesis applies multi-scale molecular simulations to dissect their conformational dynamics. For Hsp90, we model the maturation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor, revealing ligand-dependent remodeling of allosteric networks and opening possibilities for allosteric inhibition. For Hsp70, we integrate metadynamics with FRET-guided reweighting to resolve conformational transitions and identify transient binding pockets. For Grp94, we couple MD with ligand-binding and QSAR to characterize isoform-specific inhibitors. Collectively, these results provide a dynamic molecular framework of HSPs function and a foundation for rational anticancer drug discovery.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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