Corpus callosum agenesis: does sleep matter?

Agenesis of the corpus callosum is a brain malformation that can lead to intellectual, behavioural, social and emotional impairments, with outcomes varying based on severity. Sleep disturbances are common in children with this disorder, and some studies have evidenced the role of corpus callosum in interhemispheric synchronisation that may influence sleep patterns. This narrative review attempted to intercept available information on sleep in patients with isolated Agenesis of the corpus callosum, partial and complete, across different ages. Since literature about this issue is underdeveloped, knowledge on callostomized individuals has been included. Corpus callosum disruption is linked to sleep disturbances, especially in early life, though the corpus callosum specific contribution remains unclear. Studies on callostomized individuals suggest that the corpus callosum plays a role in slow-wave transmission across hemispheres, which may affect sleep architecture and plasticity. The impaired transfer of brain activity between the hemispheres also seems to influence their dream experiences. The discussion pointed out that sleep problems in patients with Agenesis of the corpus callosum should be systematically assessed, as they may impact neurodevelopment and overall well-being, highlighting the need for further research and sleep interventions.