Left cardiac sympathetic denervation for the prevention of life-threatening arrhythmias: the surgical supraclavicular approach to cervicothoracic sympathectomy

The progressive understanding' of the discases associated with significant risk for sudden cardiac death has fostered the development of carly diagnosis and risk stratification. Thus, instead of starting from either a sudden dreath victim or a survivor of a cardiac arrest, il has become relatively common for cardiologist to identify individuals at high risk for sudden deatho, often after an arrhythmic nonletthal cardiac event such as syncope.