The interest of the scientific and medical community on the impact of cardiovascular diseases in women has significantly grown in the last few years. Cardiovascular disease is indeed the leading cause of death among both women and men, even if this unequivocal epidemiological observation had not been taken into the right consideration in the past. Although cardiovascular diseases are equally important in men and women, gender differences in the clinical manifestation and progression of the disease have been demonstrated. The understanding of these differences is of crucial importance for the improvement of the clinical management of cardiovascular diseases and for the development of possible new gender-specific diagnostic and therapeutic options.