Retinopathy of prematurity: state of the art

The authors, on charge of the Study Group of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), have reviewed the most significant epidemiological literature data and described the results of a multicenter study carried out by the Study Group from 1992 to 1993. The study underlines the major pathogenetic mechanisms proposed for ROP after a careful revision of the natural history of the disease; these mechanisms were confirmed by the multicentre study results. Clinical aspects and stadiation of ROP have been examined with great care, together with the spontaneous and/or iatrogenic (criotherapy) progression in retinal traction and detachment. Practical guidelines have been indicated about modalities and timing of the ophthalmologic screeening for preterm infants at risk of ROP. The authors related also about an ophthalmologic follow-up regarding the anatomic and functional sequelae of ROP, spontaneous or postsurgical outcome. The surgical treatment of treshold and cicatritial ROP has been widely described. Finally the authors point out the guidelines for early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of ROP and for the parents information.