Aging is an inevitable biological process, characterized by a general decline in physiological and biochemical functions of the major systems. In the case of the 24 neuromuscular system, reductions in strength and mobility cause a deterioration 25 in motor performance, impaired mobility, and disability. At the cellular level, aging is caused by a progressive decline in mitochondrial function that results in accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As the level of oxidative stress 28 in skeletal muscle increases with age, age process is characterized by an imbalance between an increase in ROS production in the organism and antiox- idant defenses as a whole. The goal of this chapter is to examine the results of existing studies on oxidative stress in aging human skeletal muscles, taking into account (I) different physiological factors, such as sex, fiber composition, muscle type, and function; (II) biochemical alterations in muscle induced by ROS; and (III) oxidative stress markers related to aged muscle, particularly 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and levels of carbonyl residues such as in Carbonyl Proteins (PC). Finally, we analyze data, present in literature, regarding the beneficial effects of nutrition and physical activity in preventing oxidative damages associated with sarcopenia.
Free Radicals and Human Aging Muscle
BUONOCORE, DANIELA;Massimo Negro;MARZATICO, FULVIO
2014-01-01
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable biological process, characterized by a general decline in physiological and biochemical functions of the major systems. In the case of the 24 neuromuscular system, reductions in strength and mobility cause a deterioration 25 in motor performance, impaired mobility, and disability. At the cellular level, aging is caused by a progressive decline in mitochondrial function that results in accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As the level of oxidative stress 28 in skeletal muscle increases with age, age process is characterized by an imbalance between an increase in ROS production in the organism and antiox- idant defenses as a whole. The goal of this chapter is to examine the results of existing studies on oxidative stress in aging human skeletal muscles, taking into account (I) different physiological factors, such as sex, fiber composition, muscle type, and function; (II) biochemical alterations in muscle induced by ROS; and (III) oxidative stress markers related to aged muscle, particularly 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and levels of carbonyl residues such as in Carbonyl Proteins (PC). Finally, we analyze data, present in literature, regarding the beneficial effects of nutrition and physical activity in preventing oxidative damages associated with sarcopenia.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
