Potential of mitochondrial DNA for providing insights into the origin of the Etruscans

This report of a small pilot survey of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in ten individuals whose maternal lineages were from Tuscany emphasizes the problems and potential contributions of mtDNA studies regarding the origin of the Etruscans. An average of 20% of the mtDNA was studied for variations in patterns and nine different patterns were observed. These patterns are common in Europe and encompass most of European mtDNA variation. Consequently, contemporary Tuscan populations do not appear to harbor peculiar mtDNAs which could be attributed to the original Etruscan population. It is suggested that a study of mtDNA variation in skeletons excavated from authentic Etruscan grave sites might reveal mtDNA patterns whose distribution and frequency could be compared to those observed in Tuscans and other modern populations, and in human remains from other burial sites. This comparison could provide clues as to where the Etruscans may have originated.