Psychological outcomes of left ventricular assist device long-term treatment: A 2-year follow-up study

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is an effective therapy for patients with advanced or refractory heart failure. It may represent a temporary treatment in heart transplant (HTX) candidates (Bridge-To-Transplant—BTT), or a permanent therapy for patients unsuitable for HTX (Destination Therapy—DT). Living with the device may be stressful for both the patients and their caregivers. Currently, evidence on the psychological assessment of LVAD recipients, and factors influencing the patients' psychological adaptation to the device in the long-term period is limited. Here, we explored the quality of life in 20 patients who were treated with LVAD with BTT (n = 13) or DT indication (n = 7) before (T0), 1 year (T1) and 2 years (T2) after implantation, using the EuroQoL-5D-5L test. We also analyzed the influence of sociodemographic (eg, age, gender) and clinical variables (eg, the INTERMACS level and number of hospital admissions) on the quality of life at T2. We found a significant improvement in the self-perceived quality of life 2 years after LVAD implantation. Patients significantly improved in the domains of physical activity and anxiety and depression symptoms. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that the treatment indication was related to changes in self-assessed quality of life, which improved over time in patients implanted with DT indication, whereas it decreased from T1 to T2 in patients with BTT indication. Taken together, these findings suggest that LVAD-related emotional distress and coping strategies need to be carefully evaluated before and in the long-term after LVAD implantation.