Multi-Layer Tissue-Mimicking Breast Phantoms for Microwave-Based Imaging Systems

This study contributesto the ongoing progress in microwave-based breast tumor detection systems, recognizing their potential advantages over traditional detection techniques. This research centers on the development of more realistic breast phantoms with precise dielectric properties, which are essential for evaluating these innovative systems. A key highlight is the implementation of a thorough two-step procedure for crafting multi-layer breast phantoms that faithfully replicate actual breast tissues. To validate the accuracy of these phantoms, dielectric measurements were conducted, spanning frequencies up to 40 GHz. This procedure extends to the development of complex two and three-layer breast phantoms. Importantly, our research shows that the multi-step procedure for preparing heterogeneous phantoms maintains the dielectric properties of the mixtures, ensuring their reliability. A microwave-based tumor detection system, equipped with 16 broadband antennas and advanced algorithms, underwent rigorous testing using these phantoms. The results are highly promising, showcasing the system's remarkable ability to detect tumors while also successfully identifying and addressing artifacts in the generated images. This underscores the significance of this research as a substantial advancement in microwave-based breast tumor detection systems, mainly credited to the development of more realistic two and three-layer breast phantoms. The clinical implications are substantial, particularly for cases involving dense breast tissue, a common characteristic among younger patients. These innovations have the potential to transform breast cancer screening by providing enhanced accuracy and early detection capabilities.