The Distraction Osteogenesis in Midfacial Hypoplasia

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) can generate new bone in a gap between 2 vascularized bone surfaces in response to application of graduated tensile stress across the bone gap. The authors present the clinical result in a cleft patient with severe maxillary deficiency treated by a rigid external distraction (RED) device. A boy complained of both masticatory and psychological problems because of cleft with severe midfacial retrusion. The treatment aimed to create a well-balanced facial profile, increase maxillary incisal display, create proper overjet and overbite, and align his dentition. By the RED system, the traction is applied to the maxilla through the dentition by an intraoral splint. A complete Le Fort I osteotomy was performed, including pterygomaxillary and septal disjunction, with mobilization. Once osteotomy was completed, the halo portion of the RED device was adjusted for the width of the neurocranium and was rigidly fixed around the head with 2 scalp screws on each side. A well-balanced facial profile and a good alignment of the dentition were obtained. The patients had considerable improvement in his self-esteem. Clinical reports have suggested that maxillary advancements achieved by distraction are more stable than those achieved with orthognathic surgery with a minimal influence on velopharyngeal competence.